Tuberculosis is the oldest of the 
                       world's current pandemics and causes
                       8.9 million new cases and 1.7 million
                      deaths annually. The disease is among
                      the most common causes of morbidity
                      and mortality in people living with HIV.
                      However, tuberculosis is more than
                      just  part of the global HIV problem;
                      well-resourced tuberculosis
                      programmes are an important part of
                      the solution to scaling-up towards
                      universal access to comprehensive HIV
                      prevention, diagnosis, care, and
                      support. This article reviews the impact
                      of the interactions between
                      tuberculosis  and HIV in resource-

   limited settings; outlines the
                      recommended programmatic and
                      clinical responses to the dual

   epidemics,  highlighting the role of

   tuberculosis/HIV collaboration in
                      increasing access to prevention,
                      diagnostic, and treatment services;